利用原子氧暴露地面模拟实验装置,分别对碳/酚醛复合材料、碳纤维和酚醛树脂进行了20h原子氧辐照,采用扫描电子显微镜( SEM)、傅立叶红外衰减全反射(ATR-FTIR)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术分析了原子氧对碳/酚醛复合材料的侵蚀行为.结果表明,在原子氧环境中,酚醛树脂和碳纤维及碳/酚醛复合材料均发生质量损失,且碳/酚醛复合材料的质量损失率大于酚醛树脂与碳纤维之和.究其机理可知:复合材料中的孔隙和界面增大了原子氧的剥蚀面积,碳/酚醛树脂和碳纤维与原子氧的作用符合“掏蚀”模型,树脂表面出现孔洞,酚醛树脂中亚甲基和醚键易被原子氧氧化,碳纤维表面的上浆剂在原子氧环境中首先被剥蚀,而后裸露的碳纤维本体与原子氧作用导致纤维截面不再呈圆形,且尺寸减小,表面出现浅而宽的沟槽,最终纤维被氧化生成了大量的—0—C＝0和—C =0基团.
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