简要介绍了夸克的发现、核子的夸克模型，详细讨论了夸克模型中核子内夸克自旋结构和极化轻子-核子深度非弹散射测量出的夸克自旋结构中的矛盾．指出这个矛盾是由于对夸克自旋理解的混淆．最后还讨论了规范不变性和正则量子化两大物理学原则在夸克、电子轨道角动量上出现的矛盾．
A simple introduction of the discovery of quark and the Constituent quark model of nucleonhave been given. The contradiction between the quark spin structure of nucleon of the constituent quarkmodel and the measured one in the polarized deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering has been explained indetail. It is elucidated that the so-called "proton spin crisis" is due to quark spin confusion. The incompati-bility between the requirement of gauge invariance and canonical quantization for the orbital angular mo-mentum operator of a quark in a nucleon or an electron in an atom has been discussed.
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