以多孔块状硅体为模板,通过一步浸渍、炭化、酸处理工艺,制备出结构可控、孔隙联通且具有多重孔隙的铸型炭体.分别采用氮吸附技术、高分辨透射电镜和扫描电镜对模板硅、硅碳复合物及相应炭体进行了结构表征.从微米尺度分析,该炭体是由高度联接的枝状结构单元为骨架构筑而成.与模板硅相比较,此炭体是硅体的正复本.从纳米尺度分析,这种炭体枝状骨架是由分布均匀且相互连接的中孔构成,此中孔及其孔壁对应于模板硅的孔壁及中孔,是多孔硅的负复本.此外构成中孔的炭骨架本体又含有大量炭化过程产生的微孔.因此该法合成的铸型炭具有孔隙高度发达和结构层层嵌套的特点.
Carbon monoliths with a multi-modal hierarchical porosity have been prepared by a nanocasting method with silica monoliths as the scaffold, in which volume and surface templating has been successfully combined in a one-step impregnation approach, and the smaller pores in the silica template are impregnated in a straightforward way. The monoliths obtained at different stages of the process were characterized by N2-adsorption, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the carbon monoliths represent a positive replica of the starting silica monoliths on the micrometer scale. The surface templated mesopores can be regarded as a positive replica, while the volume templated mesopores are a negative replica of the silica scaffold.
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