通过采用不同金属催化剂进行乙烯催化裂解制备了具有不同微观结构的纳米炭纤维.利用纳米二氧化硅负载的铁、镍以及铁镍合金催化剂在适当的反应条件下分别制备了管状、实心鱼骨状以及空心鱼骨状的纳米炭纤维.由于金属催化剂与纳米二氧化硅间的强相互作用导致在低反应温度下也能达到高的反应活性,所以能够合成出高收率、小直径而且分布均匀的纳米炭纤维.不同结构的纳米炭纤维归因于金属催化剂的不同分散性以及不同的生长机理.通常利用铁催化剂进行乙烯裂解制备纳米炭纤维需要高于650℃,但是在我们的实验中发现500℃低温下利用纳米二氧化硅负载的铁催化剂进行乙烯裂解就能够合成出管状纳米炭纤维.
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with various structures were selectively synthesized through the catalytic pyrolysis of ethylene using non-supported and SiO2-supported metals (such as iron, nickel, iron/nickel alloy). Tubular, solid herringbone and hollow herringbone structures were obtained by using SiO2-supported Fe, Ni and Fe-Ni catalyst, respectively. Uniform CNFs with small diameter and high yield were synthesized using SiO2-supported catalyst because of the strong metal-support interaction, which results in high reactive activity at relatively a low temperature. The different structures of the resultant CNFs were ascribed to the dispersion of the metal catalyst and the different growth mechanisms. Normally Fe catalyst displays poor activity for the synthesis of CNFs by CVD of ethylene even at high temperature up to 650 ℃. However, tubular CNFs were prepared at a very low temperature of 500 ℃ by using SiO2-supported iron catalyst in our experiments.
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