以MCM-41为代表的介孔分子筛具有孔道排列规则、孔径分布窄、比表面积高等特点,在催化、吸附、分离等领域具有广泛应用前景,尤其是以其为模板开展的纳米组装科学已成为目前材料研究的热点之一.在简要介绍硅基介孔分子筛的分类和合成机理的基础上,对国内外多孔炭模板合成的研究现状进行了述评,重点阐述了有序介孔炭模板合成的特点、合成工艺、模板类型、碳前驱体的种类及其在双电层电容器、催化、储能等方面的初步应用结果,并展望了有序介孔炭模板合成的发展趋势,指出模板成本的降低、工艺条件的简化和可控化将成为未来一段时期人们研究的重点.
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