很多领域需要软化水而并非脱盐水.利用纳滤膜对二价离子(Ca2+,Mg2+,SO42-)高截留和对单价离子(K+,Na+,Cl-)的低截留特性,可实现软化而不是完全脱盐,以适应各种领域对软化水的要求.阐述了纳滤膜的软水原理、软水用纳滤膜的性能与选用原则;介绍了水质、操作压力及产水率对纳滤膜软水性能的影响以及纳滤膜在制取软化的饮用水、工业软化水以及海水淡化等方面的应用;通过与石灰软化和离子交换软化的比较,分析了纳滤膜软水法的经济性.指出纳滤膜软水法是一种先进的经济的水软化技术,可克服反渗透的高能耗以及石灰软化和离子交换软化产生的废渣和废水对环境的污染.因此纳滤膜软水法具有很强的竞争力,广泛采用纳滤技术制取各种用途的软化水具有十分广阔的前景.
参考文献
| [1] | Van der Bruggen B;Vandecasteele C .Removal of pollutants from surface water and ground water by nanofiltration:overview of possible application in the dringking water industry[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,122:435-445. |
| [2] | 王方.电去离子软水法[J].工业水处理,1999(02):8-9. |
| [3] | Wang XL.;Nakao S.;Kimura S.;Tsuru T. .THE ELECTROSTATIC AND STERIC-HINDRANCE MODEL FOR THE TRANSPORT OF CHARGED SOLUTES THROUGH NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1997(1):19-32. |
| [4] | Peeters JMM.;Mulder MHV.;Strathmann H.;Boom JP. .Retention measurements of nanofiltration membranes with electrolyte solutions[J].Journal of Membrane Science,1998(2):199-209. |
| [5] | 俞三传,金可勇,高从堦.膜软化及其应用[J].工业水处理,2000(11):10-13. |
| [6] | Alborzfar M.;Gron C.;Jonsson G. .Removal of natural organic matter from two types of humic ground waters by nanofiltration[J].Water research: A journal of the international water association,1998(10):2983-2994. |
| [7] | 张显球,王力友,张玉清.纳滤软化锅炉用水的试验研究[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技术版),2004(02):19-21. |
| [8] | Robert A. Bergman .Membrane softening versus lime softening in Florida: A cost comparison update[J].Desalination: The International Journal on the Science and Technology of Desalting and Water Purification,1995(1/3):11-24. |
| [9] | 张国亮.高硬度水质下纳滤系统的运行状态及分析[J].膜科学与技术,2000(02):43-48. |
| [10] | 闫光明,李桂枝.纳滤膜制取中、低压锅炉软化水[J].中国给水排水,2002(09):45-46. |
| [11] | Hassan A M;Al-Sofi M A K;Al-Amoudi A S et al.A new approach to membrane and thermal seawater desalination processes using nanofiltration membranes[J].DESALINATION,1998,118:35-51. |
| [12] | Gorenflo A;Velazquez-Padron D;Frimmel F H .Nanofiltration of a german groundwater of high hardness and NOM content:performance and costs[J].Desalination,2002,151:253-265. |
| [13] | Khalik A;Praptowidodo V S .Nanofiltration for drinking water production from deep well water[J].Desalination,2000,132:287-292. |
| [14] | Canepa P;Garombo C .Comparison between ion exchange and nanofiltration for softening of industrial water[J].Filtration and Separation,1996,2:131-135. |
上一张
下一张
上一张
下一张
计量
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
文章评分
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%