采用Osmonics的DK和DL纳滤膜对抗生素制药废水进行深度处理.对纳滤膜污染的影响因素进行了考察.结果表明,在相同条件下,DK膜的通量随时间的下降幅度小于DL膜,截留率大于DL膜.随着溶质浓度或溶液温度的升高,纳滤膜的通量下降幅度增大,截留率增大.采用ATR-FTIR及EDX分析膜面污染物质,并结合水质分析结果可知,3 h纳滤过程中引起膜污染的主要物质是硫酸钙、碳酸钙等无机物.为了控制膜污染,考察了在原料液中添加药剂对膜污染的影响.结果表明,添加盐酸或柠檬酸能使膜通量下降减缓,却使截留率降低;添加EDTA能使膜通量下降减缓,并使截留率增大.添加药剂后,膜面污染物的红外吸收峰被削弱,钙、硫和氧元素的质量百分比降低.其中添加EDTA后,膜面红外谱图及元素组成与清洁膜最接近.
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