用于废水处理的膜生物反应器工艺(MBR),是指通过膜过滤实现活性污泥与产水的分离的新型生化法处理废水技术.由于MBR具有占地面积小和出水水质好的优点,膜生物反应器成功应用到废水处理中的案例正在迅速增加.膜污染是MBR废水处理工艺面临的主要问题之一.膜污染会导致膜的渗透性能降低,为此必须通过化学清洗才能恢复膜的性能.为了实现无化学清洗的MBR工艺,研究使用持续物理冲刷去除膜污染层的方法.在活性污泥中加入颗粒物质(粉料),通过这些颗粒物质的持续冲刷作用实现去除膜污染层的目的.经过8个多月的实验,膜组件的渗透性能保持不变,通量可以达到40 L/(m2·h)以上.系统安装了在线的浊度仪作为产水质量的检测,在试验过程中,浊度始终没有变化.作为对比,同时也进行了一个参照实验(MBR标准工艺,没有加入颗粒物质),实验结果表明,传统的MBR工艺的膜组件渗透性能会不断下降导致通量下降,需要进行化学清洗.新型MBR工艺高通量和无需化学清洗的优势,将极大地提高MBR工艺的成本效益.
In Membrane bioreactors(MBR)for wastewater treatment, the separation of activated sludge and treated water takes place by membrane filtration.Due to the small footprint and superior effluent quality, the number of membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment is rapidly increasing.A major challenge in this process is the fouling of the membranes which results in permeability decrease and necessitates chemical cleaning procedures.With the objective of a chemical-free process, the removal of the fouling layer by continuous physical abrasion was investigated.Therefore, particles(granulates)were added to the activated sludge in order to realise a continuous abrasion of the fouling layer.During operation for more than 8 months, the membranes showed no decrease in permeability.Fluxes up to 40 L/(m2·h)were achieved.An online turbidity measurement was installed for the effluent control and showed no change during this test period.For comparison, a reference (standard MBR process without granulates)was operated which demonstrated permeability loss at lower fluxes and required chemical cleaning.Altogether with this process an operation at higher fluxes and no use of cleaning chemicals would increase the cost efficiency of the MBR-process.
参考文献
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