简要总结了钢中珠光体相变的机制,特别是珠光体形核的晶体学和长大的动力学.基于形核时的最小形核能和渗碳体与铁素体"合作"生长的要求,珠光体通常在奥氏体晶界形核并只向某一晶粒内生长,因而晶界珠光体与相邻晶粒存在特定取向关系而与生长进入的晶粒无特定取向关系.晶体学研究表明,珠光体形核的领先相与碳浓度及渗碳体与铁素体间的取向关系(分别为Pitsch-Petch、Bagaryatsky或Isaichev)无关.最近的研究发现,具B1结构的非共格杂质粒子界面是过共析钢中晶内珠光体形核的有效位置,初步的结果表明,晶内珠光体形核的原因在于杂质粒子生长造成的局部区域碳贫化及低能的珠光体/杂质界面取代高能的奥氏体/杂质界面.特定过冷度下的层片间距与正向界面推移速率的关系是珠光体生长动力学的主要问题.基于珠光体与奥氏体间的无序界面假设和稳态扩散方程分别发展了以体扩散控制和以界面扩散控制为主的动力学理论.两种理论均与实验结果符合较好,但后者似更合理.最近的实验在珠光体中发现了生长台阶与结构台阶,表明生长动力学方程需要修正.
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