作为电动车用电池,铅酸蓄电池仍然存在着比能量低、充电接受能力差、活性物质利用率低等缺点,板栅的腐蚀、负极硫酸盐化、析氢、析氧等现象会引起充放电过程中不必要的副反应,这将导致电池容量的损失及衰减.总结了阀控密封铅酸蓄电池(VRLA)及其正负极的反应机理,并对各种反应机理做了比较和评价.详细介绍了负极反应中溶解沉淀机理、固相反应机理和固相反应-溶解沉淀机理,以及正极反应中胶体结构上的PbO2形成机理、液相生成机理和固相生成机理.最后提出了提高铅酸蓄电池性能的几种方法,并对铅酸蓄电池的发展做出了展望.
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