文章第一部分定义了“膨胀”的概念和讲述了“膨胀”在聚合物阻燃方面的应用历史.第二部分从化学、动力学以及数值模拟的角度来阐述材料燃烧过程中形成“膨胀”的基本原理.最后一部分通过一些实例来体现“膨胀”在材料阻燃中的实际应用.利用膨胀现象来对聚合物材料阻燃以及基材防火是一种非常有效的方法;而基材表面形成膨胀炭层能够起到抑制火蔓延、隔绝热质传递从而保护基材的作用;因此,发展协效剂(特别是一些纳米颗粒)对膨胀阻燃体系的协效作用是今后阻燃的重要方向.文章旨在通过对“膨胀”形成机理的阐述并列出一些“膨胀”阻燃的实例,希望能够对利用膨胀阻燃来制备阻燃聚合物以及制备阻燃隔层来保护基材的阻燃科研者有所帮助.
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