染料敏化太阳电池(DSCs)是一种新型光伏电池,在充满前景的太阳能发电市场中,实现染料敏化太阳能电池商品化的最重要的前提之一就是提高能量转换效率.介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的结构与基本原理,在影响DSCs能量转换效率的三大因素中,重点综述了通过染料敏化剂材料的设计和开发来提高电池光电流.介绍了钌多吡啶配合物、非金属有机染料、有机金属染料(酞菁锌和卟啉锌染料)的设计开发及其如何增加电池光吸收效率、降低染料分子在TiO2半导体材料上的聚集及电子复合,提高电池光电流.同时介绍了现阶段通过共敏化剂方法提高DSCs的光电能量转换效率的进展.最后,对于进一步提高能量转化效率所面临的挑战,以及DSCs的商品化前景进行了展望.
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