光子晶体是一种具有光子带隙的新型材料，其概念提出比较早，距今已经过了30年。由于光子晶体具有很多新颖的特性，使其成为微纳光子学和量子光学的重要研究领域。随着微加工技术的进步和理论的深入研究，光子晶体在信息光学以及多功能传感器等其他多个学科中也得到广泛应用。本文从理论上详细综述了光子晶体的各种奇异特性，并从各种特性出发，详细介绍近年来光子晶体在光子晶体光纤、反射镜、滤波器、波导、低阈值激光器、多功能传感器、腔量子电动力学、偏振器、量子信息处理等领域的应用研究，并与传统的器件进行性能比较得出光子晶体器件具有无可比拟的优势。最后提出，随着3D打印制造技术的成熟，光子晶体材料必然会推动信息技术的新一轮革命。
Photonic crystal is a new kind of materials with photonic band gap.Although the concept has been projected about 30 years,photonic crystals have potential applications in micro-nano photonics and quantum optics.Photonic crys-tals have also been widely used in information optics,multifunctional sensor and other fields.In this paper,the main char-acteristics of photonic crystals are introduced in detail.In addition,research progress and application of photonic crystals in the photonic crystal fiber,mirrors,filters,waveguide,low threshold,multifunctional sensor,cavity quantum electrody-namics,polarizer,quantum information processing and other fields are reviewed in detail.They are compared with the tra-ditional devices and confirmed higher performance.Finally,we believe that photonic crystals will promote a new revolution of information technology with the improvement of 3 D print manufacturing technology.
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