对于组织工程而言,如何将种子细胞、细胞外基质和生物刺激信号这3大要素完美结合,对于植入体的植入成败至关重要.对于解决这一关键问题,器官打印或组织打印作为一种新兴的制备组织工程支架的技术,具有巨大的应用前景.这种技术可以将包载生物活性因子(细胞及其他生物活性刺激信号)的凝胶层层组装,得到精确的三维结构,并可控制生物活性因子的打印位置.而凝胶材料因其高含水率、优异的细胞相容性及可控的降解速率等性能,成为最有应用前景的生物打印材料.另一方面,通过快速成型技术这一强大的工具,可以制备得到具有精确内外结构,并包载多种活细胞或其它生物因子(生长因子、基因等)的组织工程支架.然而,并非所有的快速成型方法均适用于凝胶成型.简单总结了可用于制备包载细胞凝胶支架的快速成型方法,进一步讨论了每种方法可用的凝胶材料类型.凝胶材料较低的力学性能是限制其在生物打印方面应用的一个重要缺陷,关于这一问题及改进的方法也做了初步讨论.
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