过渡金属氧化物是具有前景的锂离子电池负极材料,但是其在电化学反应中的反应行为和反应机制尚不明确.利用原位透射电镜研究了CuO纳米线的首次充放电电化学反应过程.结果表明:放电过程中电化学反应界面沿着CuO纳米线轴向方向移动,且反应的界面始终保持锥形,表明Li+离子的传输是从外向内进行的;且锂化的进行引起了纳米线的径向膨胀和轴向延长及弯曲,径向膨胀～40％,轴向膨胀～43.1％,体积膨胀～185.8％.待首次放电完成后,CuO纳米线转化为Cu纳米晶(2 ～3 nm),分散在Li2O基体中,而在去锂化后并没有氧化为CuO,而是生成了Cu2O,此不可逆的相转变是造成电池充放电循环中首次不可逆比容量损失的主要原因.
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