中国是世界上最重要的电动工具制造基地之一，也是主要的动力电池研发和生产国家。锂离子电池具有充放电倍率高、温度适应性宽、循环寿命长、无记忆效应、比功率/比能量高和性价比高等优点，正在全面取代NiCd、NiH等传统电池，成为非插电式电动工具的新型动力。介绍了电动工具用锂离子电池的电化学性能和发展现状，比较了不同正极材料（三元NMC，磷酸铁锂LFP以及锰酸锂LMO等）对锂离子电池充放电性能的影响，讨论了电动工具用锂离子电池在不同温度下的倍率充放电、大功率和高倍率下的脉冲放电、快速充放电循环寿命、高温自放电稳定性以及电池在短路滥用条件下的安全性。
China is one of the most important manufacturing bases for electric vehicles around the word, as well as the main country of research and production of rechargeable batteries. Lithium-ion battery has a high charge/discharge rate, wide temperature adaptability, long cycle life, no memory effect, high power/energy density, as well as cost advantages. Instead of traditional batteries (NiCd, NiH), Lithium-ion battery is becoming the new power for non-plug-in electric vehicles. The electrochemical performances and developments of lithium-ion batteries are discussed, and influences of different cathode materials (NMC, LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4) on the charge/discharge performances of lithium-ion batteries are compared. Electrochemical performances of lithium-ion batteries under different temperatures are discussed, including discharge capability, high-power pulse discharge performance under high magnification, fast charge/discharge cycles life, high temperature stability of self-discharge, as well as safety of the battery under short-circuit conditions.
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