传统节能窗仅对太阳能(如阳光控制型)、热辐射(如Low-E玻璃)或者热对流(如中空玻璃)起阻隔作用，智能节能窗则可以在特定刺激下(环境温度、电场、气体、光照变化等)自主调节自身光谱透反射特性，从而机敏地调整进入室内的太阳能或者热量，实现更高效的节能。作为智能节能窗的核心，变色节能材料可分为有机和无机变色材料。相对于有机材料，无机变色材料具有抗老化性能强、变色持续时间长、热稳定性能好等优点，是目前主要的智能节能窗材料。介绍了最常见的4种无机变色(热致变色、电致变色、气质变色和光致变色)材料，包括其发展历史、节能原理或者变色机理、主要制备工艺和目前存在的问题或者研究现状等，并就各种智能节能窗材料的发展趋势进行了展望。
Traditional energy-saving windows work just by blocking solar energy ( solar control coated glass) , thermal radi-ation (Low-E glass) or thermal convection (hollow glass), while smart energy-saving windows could change their optical performances under a given stimulus such as temperature, electrical filed, gas, and light irradiation, etc, which would en-due them the ability to control the heat entering house, bringing higher energy-saving efficiency. Chromic materials are the core of smart energy-saving windows, including organic and inorganic materials. Compared to organic ones, inorganic chro-mic materials show advantages in age resistance, stability metachrosis and thermal stability, are the main materials of current smart energy-saving windows. This paper reviews the research progress of four sorts of inorganic materials ( thermochromic, electricochromic, gasochromic and photochromic) , including their development, preparation technology, mechanism of dis-coloration or energy-saving, current problem, and their future developments are prospected.
参考文献
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