石墨烯是碳原子以sp2杂化形成的、 具有六角型晶格结构的二维片层材料,其厚度薄、 比表面积大,同时还具有优异的力学、 电学、 光学和热学等性能,可以作为纳米填料提高聚合物材料的各项物理及化学性能.阐述了石墨烯及其改性衍生物作为一种新型助剂在改善聚合物阻燃性能、提高抗老化特性等方面中的国内外研究进展.结合石墨烯的物理化学特性及改性方法,讨论了石墨烯提升聚合物阻燃性及抗老化性能的作用效果及机理,其中包括对炭层形成的促进作用、 对氧气或降解产物的阻隔效应、 对老化降解产生的过氧自由基的捕捉作用等.通过分析现有的研究结果,总结了石墨烯在聚合物阻燃与抗老化应用领域中的优势和不足之处,并对其发展前景及有待解决的基本科学问题进行了展望.
Graphene is a two-dimensional sheet material with honeycomb-like lattice structure formed by sp2 hybrid carbon atoms. Due to its excellent mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties, graphene has been widely used as nanofiller to improve the performances of polymer materials. In this review, the updated progress of graphene and its modified derivatives as a new type of additives in improving the flame retardant properties and the anti-aging properties of polymers were summarized. Based on the physical structure characteristics and surface chemical composition of graphene sheets, corresponding mechanisms including the promotion effect on the formation of char layer, the barrier effect of oxygen or degradation products, and the trapping effect of the peroxide free radicals produced by degradation were discussed. The synergistic effect and mechanism between graphene and other additives were also considered. The advantages and disadvantages of graphene in the field of flame retardant and anti-aging of polymers were summarized by comparing with the existing additives, and its development prospects and scientific issues to be resolved were also discussed.
参考文献
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