铝空气电池是一种金属燃料电池,发展至今已有数十年历史.与其他电池技术相比,铝空气电池在电极成本、 能量密度、 环保性、 易充电性(阳极可更换的机械式充电)等方面具有独特的优势,是一种潜在的具有大规模商业开发和应用价值的电池技术.可以预见铝空气电池技术的进步,将给传统电池技术和铝工业的发展带来巨大的机遇和变革.回顾了铝空气电池的发展历史,介绍了铝空气电池的结构和工作原理.主要聚焦电池的阳极材料,归纳了铝阳极的活化机理,论述了铝阳极材料当前存在的主要问题,综述了铝的纯度、 微合金化、 热处理及加工变形等因素对其电化学性能的影响,对铝空气电池阳极材料未来的研究重点及方向进行了展望.
Aluminum-air battery, as a kind of metal fuel cell, has gone through several decades of development. Compared with other battery technics, aluminum-air battery has special advantages on electrode cost, power density, environmental protection, easy-recharging ability ( mechanical recharging by renewing anodes) and so on. It is a battery technic with a potential of large scale commercial exploitation and application. It can be foreseen that the development of aluminum-air battery will bring great opportunities and changes to traditional battery technology and aluminum industry. In this paper, the development history of aluminum-air battery was reviewed. The structure and reaction principles of aluminum-air battery were introduced. The anode materials were focused on in this paper and its activation mechanisms were summarized. The current main problems of aluminum anode material were discussed. The research status were reviewed, including influences of purity, alloying, heat treatment and processing on the electrochemical properties of aluminum anodes. The research emphasis and direction in the future were pointed out.
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