锂离子电池等储能器件已被应用于电子设备和电动汽车中，但其低的理论容量已不能满足需求。锂硫电池因其具有高的理论比容量(1672 mAh·g-1)，有望满足高能量密度的需求，但是锂硫电池还存在多硫化物的穿梭、硫导电性差等问题，阻碍了它的商业化应用。针对以上问题，不仅可以从正极材料的结构设计出发，也可以从电池的整体结构设计入手寻求解决的方法。评述了碳质材料的功能化设计在正极、正极与隔膜间的夹层设计、隔膜的优化以及新型隔膜中的研究进展，分析了结构、材料与锂硫电池性能之间的关系，指出了锂硫电池中碳质材料的发展方向。
Although lithium-ion battery has been widely used in electronic devices and electric vehicles, its low theoreti-cal specific capacity is not able to meet the requirement of high energy density. Lithium-sulfur batteries, with high theoreti-cal capacity (1672 mAh·g-1), possess the potential to be commercialized. However, lithium-sulfur batteries still face lots of challenges such as the shuttle of high-order polysulfides and poor conductivity of sulfur and polysulfides, which hinder their commercial application. To solve these problems, solutions can be found from the structural design of not only the cath-ode materials, but also the battery system. This review introduces recent progress on the functional design of carbon materials for cathode, interlayer design, separator optimization and new types of separator. The relationship between structure and properties of lithium-sulfur batteries has been analyzed, the development directions of lithium-sulfur batteries are prospected.
参考文献
| [1] | Larcher, D.;Tarascon, J-M..Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage[J].Nature Chemistry,20151(1):19-29. |
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