磁性气凝胶以其优异的性能受到越来越多的关注。目前，磁性气凝胶主要采用先将磁功能化材料分散到溶胶中，经凝胶、老化、超临界干燥等工艺制得。磁功能化材料主要是指具有磁性的纳米材料，其中应用最多的是铁酸类，尤其以超顺磁性Fe3 O4的使用最为广泛。而磁性气凝胶的结构和性能因磁功能化纳米材料、气凝胶基体的不同而变化。无机磁性气凝胶的基体主要是氧化硅、氧化钛等气凝胶，主要研究磁性颗粒与气凝胶基体的相互作用机理，以及对材料的结构、性能的影响。而有机磁性气凝胶基体主要是石墨烯、碳等柔性气凝胶，主要应用在催化、吸附、生物分离等领域，具有磁性分离，以及使用效率、重复性能优异等特点。综述了上述磁性气凝胶的研究进展，介绍了磁性气凝胶材料常用的制备方法、性能以及应用前景。
Magnetic aerogels have attracted many attentions because of their special quality and functionality. The main fabrication method of magnetic aerogels is firstly dispersing magnetic nanoparticles into sol followed by gelling, aging and su-percritical drying. Magnetic functional materials mainly refer to the magnetic nano-materials, among which ferrates are the most widely used, especially superparamagnetic Fe3 O4 . The quality and structure of the magnetic aerogels change with aero-gels matrix and magnetic nanoparticles. The interaction mechanisms between magnetic nanoparticles and aerogel matrix, as well as texture and quality of the magnetic aerogels materials are always explored in inorganic magnetic aerogels synthesized with SiO2 aerogels and TiO2 aerogels as the matrix. However, the organic magnetic aerogels with matrix of graphene aerogels and carbon aerogels, are mainly applicated in catalysis, adsorption and bio-separation. This review aims to describe recent re-search progress of magnetic aerogels based on the synthesis, quality and their application in future.
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