钒已被广泛地应用于长条钢产品,诸如锻造制品、螺纹钢筋、型材、管材、钢轨、弹簧和盘条.钒在长条钢产品中是优选的添加剂,因为与铌和钛相比,它的碳氮化合物在奥氏体中的溶解度要高得多,并对碳含量的敏感性较小.钒能起到析出强化和晶粒细化的作用,从而得到强度和韧性的良好配合.通过控制氮的含量,能使析出强化最大化,氮随钒的优先析出也使氮应变时效的危险性降至很小.此外,钒还能在较低含碳量情况下得到所期望的强度,较低的含碳量对延性和焊接性有利.再者,对淬火回火钢来说,钒有利于回火抗力,并起到二次硬化作用.细小的钒碳化合物还对易扩散的氢起到有力的捕集点作用.钒的碳氮化合物相对较低的溶解温度,得以有效地利用能源和采用低的加热温度.传统的热轧或热锻,一般采用高的终加工温度,这对生产长条钢产品是不可避免的,而对钒微合金钢来说却可以用来获得所需要的力学性能和服役功能.此外,钒微合金化钢的性能对加工处理条件的变化相对地不怎么敏感.
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