通过激子增殖来提高太阳能电池的光-电转换效率是近年来颇受重视的一个研究方向.本文对激子增殖产生的途径与机制,以及在其形成过程中应注意的各种因素作了扼要的介绍和讨论,诸如:冲击离子化过程、声子瓶颈现象、热-电子的冷却过程、Auger重合过程,以及热-电子的电子转移过程等,同时也对检测这一过程的重要方法——瞬态(泵浦-探测)吸收光谱(TA)作了简要介绍,并通过某些实例对这一现象在作为第三代太阳能电池中光-电转换材料的半导体量子点内情况作了说明.
参考文献
| [1] | Shockley W;Queisser H .Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1961,32:510. |
| [2] | Landsberg P T;Nussbaumer H;Willeke G .Band-band impact ionization and solar cell efficiency[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1993,74:1451. |
| [3] | Wemer J H;Kolodinski S;Queisser H J .Novel optimization principles and efficiency limits for semiconductor solar cells[J].Physical Review Letters,1994,72:3851-3854. |
| [4] | JOHN A. MCGUIRE;JIN JOO;JEFFREY M. PIETRYGA .New Aspects of Carrier Multiplication in Semiconductor Nanocrystals[J].Accounts of Chemical Research,2008(12):1810-1819. |
| [5] | Carlson T A.Photoelectron and Auger Spectroscopy[M].New York:Plenum Press,1975 |
| [6] | Nozik, A.J.;Beard, M.C.;Luther, J.M.;Law, M.;Ellingson, R.J.;Johnson, J.C. .Semiconductor quantum dots and quantum dot arrays and applications of multiple exciton generation to third-generation photovoltaic solar cells[J].Chemical Reviews,2010(11):6873-6890. |
| [7] | Schaller RD;Sykora M;Pietryga JM;Klimov VI .Seven excitons at a cost of one: Redefining the limits for conversion efficiency of photons into charge carriers[J].Nano letters,2006(3):424-429. |
| [8] | Schaller R D;Klimov V I .High efficiency carrier multification in PbSe nanocrystals:Implication for solar energy conversion[J].Physical Review Letters,2004,92:186601. |
| [9] | Akihiro Ueda;Kazunari Matsuda;Takeshi Tayagaki;Yoshihiko Kanemitsu .Carrier multiplication in carbon nanotubes studied by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy[J].Applied physics letters,2008(23):233105-1-233105-3-0. |
| [10] | Efros AL.;Rosen M.;Kharchenko VA. .BREAKING THE PHONON BOTTLENECK IN NANOMETER QUANTUM DOTS - ROLE OF AUGER-LIKE PROCESSES[J].Solid State Communications,1995(4):281-284. |
| [11] | Nozik A J .Spectroscopy and hot electron relaxation dynamics in semiconductor quantum wells and quantum dots[J].Annual Review of Physical Chemistry,2001,52:193. |
| [12] | Rosenwaks Y;Hanna M C;Levi D H;Szmyd D M,Ahrenkiel R K,Nozik A J .Hot-carrier cooling in gaas:quantum wells versus bulk[J].Physical Review B,1993,48:14675. |
| [13] | Pelouch W S;Ellingson R J;Powers P E;Tang C L,Szmyd D M,Nozik A J .Comparison of hot-carrier relaxation in quantum wells and bulk GaAs at high carrier densities[J].Physical Review B,1992,45:1450. |
| [14] | Boudreaux D S;Williams F;Nozik A J .Hot carrier injection at semiconductor-electrolyte Junctions[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1980,51:2158. |
| [15] | Benisty H;Sotomayor-Torres C M;Weisbuch C .Intrinsic mechanism for the poor luminescence properties of quantum-box systems[J].Physical Review B,1991,44:10945. |
| [16] | Benisty H .Reduced electron-phonon relaxation rates in quantum-box systems:theoretical analysis[J].Physical Review B,1995,51:13281. |
| [17] | Padney A;Guyot-Sionnest P .Slow electron cooling in colloidal quantum dots[J].Science,2008,322:929. |
| [18] | Sosnowski TS.;Jiang H.;Singh J.;Kamath K.;Bhattacharya P.;Norris TB. .Rapid carrier relaxation in In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum dots characterized by differential transmission spectroscopy[J].Physical Review.B.Condensed Matter,1998(16):R9423-R9426. |
| [19] | Diol S J;Poles E;Rosenwaks Y;Miller R J D .Electron transfer dynamics at GaAs surface quantum wells[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1998,102:6193. |
| [20] | K. Kempa;M. J. Naughton;Z. F. Ren;A. Herczynski;T. Kirkpatrick;J. Rybczynski;Y. Gao .Hot electron effect in nanoscopically thin photovoltaic junctions[J].Applied physics letters,2009(23):233121-1-233121-3. |
| [21] | Multiple temperature regimes of radiative decay in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots: Intrinsic limits to the dark-exciton lifetime[J].Applied physics letters,2003(17):2793-2795. |
| [22] | Klimov V I;Mikhailovsky A A;McBranch DW;Leatherdale C A Bawendi M G .Quantization of multiparticle auger rates in semiconductor quantum dots[J].Science,2000,287:1011. |
| [23] | Nozik AJ .Exciton multiplication and relaxation dynamics in quantum dots: Applications to ultrahigh-efficiency solar photon conversion[J].Inorganic Chemistry: A Research Journal that Includes Bioinorganic, Catalytic, Organometallic, Solid-State, and Synthetic Chemistry and Reaction Dynamics,2005(20):6893-6899. |
上一张
下一张
上一张
下一张
计量
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
文章评分
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%