世界卫生组织在2000年的报告中将抗生素抗性列为本世纪人类在健康领域面临的最大挑战之一，有关抗药基因传播机制与控制技术的研究已经成为国际环境科学领域的一个前沿问题。本文以生产量大、使用历史长的几种发酵类和化学合成类生素为对象，以典型城市污水厂为对照系统，全面评估抗生素生产及废水处理过程中抗生素与抗药基因的排放特征；把传统的筛选培养方法与高通量测序技术及生物信息学手段有机结合，深入研究抗生素胁迫下整合子对抗性基因的重组作用及质粒介导的结合转移作用，以揭示抗药基因在抗生素压力驱动下主要的水平转移机制；构建多通道生物膜流动暴露系统进行抗生素最小选择浓度评价；研究针对抗生素生产全过程的抗生素及抗药基因控制多级屏障技术，为抗药基因的污染控制与管理提供全面系统的科学基础。
Antibiotic resistance has been listed as one of the major challenges for human health in WHO report issued in 2000, and antibiotic resistance genes ( ARGs ) , which have been considered as a kind of emerging contaminant, have now become one of the most important issues in environmental studies. Focusing on several fermentative antibiotics and one synthetic antibiotic, this study will mainly focus on the following issues: ( 1 ) to evaluate the discharging characteristics of antibiotics and ARGs from the above six typical antibiotic manufacturing processes with typical municipal wastewater treatment plants as the control;(2) to better understand the horizontal transfer mechanisms of ARGs in environment, the
contributions of the recombination of ARG cassettes by integrons and the ARGs transfer by conjugation of plasmids under the existence of antibiotics will be revealed by combining the traditional culture?based approach with the high through?put sequencing technique and bioinformatics; ( 3 ) a biofilm exposure system will be established to determine the allowable antibiotic discharge concentrations; ( 4 ) to construct a multi?barrier process for the control of discharge of antibiotics and ARGs during the whole antibiotic manufacturing processes. The goal of this study is to provide a solid scientific base for the pollution control and management of ARGs.
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