材料期刊网

作为生物质材料的热解产物，生物炭被认为是很有前景的环境污染治理与生态修复材料。多方面的研究说明，生物炭的多孔、大比表面积、丰富的官能团等性能，使其具有“锁定”碳，固定土壤污染物，改善土质等功能，从而从土壤物理化学的角度证实了生物炭在土壤污染治理与改良方面的作用，但至于生物炭对土壤微生物的影响及其长期效应尚处于起步阶段。本文总结分析了近年来国内外生物炭与土壤微生物相关的研究成果，得出生物炭能通过改变土壤资源储备（如可利用C、营养物质、水分等）、非生命成分（如pH、CEC等）等理化性质，加快土壤细菌和真菌的生长与繁殖，影响土壤微生物群落结构和功能。可见，生物炭土地利用的优点不容置疑，为了实现其规模化应用，生物炭的施用剂量、生物炭?微生物?污染物的作用机理等问题亟待深入地研究，生物炭对土壤微生物及养分循环的长期影响还有待于系统地展开。

As the product of thermal degradation of organic materials, biochar is considered as a potential material for environmental pollution control and ecological remediation. It has been reported that with the properties of multi?pores, large specific surface area, and abundant functional groups, biochar can sequester carbon, immobilize soil contaminants, and improve soil texture, confirming the important role of biochar in soil pollution control and remediation from the physico?chemistry aspect. However, studies on the effects and long?time functions of biochar on soil microbe have just started. This paper offers the information on the effects of biochar on soil microorganisms in recent years both at home and abroad. The altered soil physico?chemical properties, either in terms of an altered resource store (e.g., available C, nutrients, water), or shifts in abiotic factors (e.g., pH, CEC) may result in changes to environmental soil, in terms of increased growth and reproduction of soil bacteria and fungi, causing the changes of the soil microbial community structure and function. Although the advantages of biochar application are obvious, in order to realize large?scale application research on biochar dosage, interaction mechanism between biochar?microorganisms? contaminants, long?term effects of biochar to soil microorganisms and the nutrient cycle need to be investigated systematically.