对镇江市古运河河岸7个表层沉积物中重金属As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr含量进行测定,并通过富集系数、地累积指数法、潜在生态风险评价以及主成分分析等对沉积物重金属的分布特征进行综合分析与评价.结果表明:(1)古运河河岸带沉积物 Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb和 Cd元素的含量平均值分别为45.07、41.70、254.06、19?67、45.88、0.75 mg·kg-1,pH平均值为7.98.对比《国家土壤环境质量标准》可知,沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、As属于超一级标准,而Cd属于超二级标准.(2)6种重金属的富集系数表现为:As>Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr,且综合富集系数在空间上表现为:G2>G5>G1>G4>G3>G7>G6;(3)古运河河岸表层沉积物地累积指数表现为As>Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr,6种重金属中As富集量最大,Cr的富集量最小.(4)单项潜在生态危害系数结果表明,Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb均为轻微生态危害程度,As和Cd处于中等生态危害程度.从RI值判断,古运河河岸沉积物总体处于轻微生态危害.(5)相关性和主成分分析结果表明,Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd是决定第一主成分的4个主要因子,且Cu与Pb、Cd以及Pb与Cd元素具有相同的污染源.As、Zn在第二主成分中具有较高的载荷值,且As与Zn之间的相关性较弱,表明这两种重金属并非来自同一污染源.
In order to investigate the pollution loading of heavy metals in riverside sediments of Zhenjiang Canal, six heavy metals ( As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr) from 7 sediment samples were analyzed by using ICP , and the distribution characteristics of the heavy metals in the sediment were comprehensively evaluated through concentration coefficient, geo?accumulation index, potential ecological risk and principal component analysis. The results showed that:(1) the average contents of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Cd were 45. 07, 41. 70, 254. 06, 19. 67, 45. 88, 0. 75 mg·kg-1, respectively. The average pH value was 7. 98. The average contents of Cu, Zn, Pb and As were higher than the primary standard of soil environmental quality standards. The average contents of Cd were higher than the secondary standards of soil environmental quality standards. (2) the order of concentration coefficient was As>Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr. And the order of comprehensive concentration coefficient was G2>G5>G1>G4>G3>G7>G6. (3) the order of geo?accumulation indexes was As>Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr. The accumulation of As was the highest and that of Cr was the lowest; (4) Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb were of light ecological risk and As, Cd were of medium ecological risk. By RI value judgment, the heavy metals in the riverside sediments of Zhenjiang Canal had slight potential ecological risk;(5) The correlation analysis and Principal Component analysis revealed that Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd were the main four factor dominating the first principal component and Cu, Pb and Cd, Pb, Cd could have similar pollution sources. As and Zn had a high loading values in the second principal components, while the correlation was not significant, which indicated that As and Zn could have different pollution sources.
参考文献
[1] | 苏丹,臧淑英,叶华香,孙丽,贾晓丹,李苗.扎龙湿地南山湖沉积岩芯重金属污染特征及来源判别[J].环境科学,2012(06):1816-1822. |
[2] | 唐阵武,程家丽,岳勇,陈玉敏.武汉典型湖泊沉积物中重金属累积特征及其环境风险[J].湖泊科学,2009(01):61-68. |
[3] | 杨丽原,沈吉,刘恩峰,季峻峰.南四湖现代沉积物中营养元素分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2007(04):390-396. |
[4] | Allen H E;Fu G M;Deng B L .Analysis of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) for the estimation of potential toxicity in aquatic sediment[J].Envrionmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1993,12(8):1441-1453. |
[5] | 刘飞,邓道贵,杨威,邵元启,祝鹏飞,宫政,葛茜.巢湖表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及生物有效性[J].水土保持学报,2012(05):149-153. |
[6] | 张明礼,杨浩,林振山,崔文静,陈劲松,王小雷.太湖竺山湾底泥中有害物质含量与环境污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2011(05):852-857. |
[7] | 张文斌,余辉.洪泽湖沉积物中营养盐和重金属的垂向分布特征研究[J].环境科学,2012(02):399-406. |
[8] | 王天阳,王国祥.昆承湖沉积物重金属的环境地球化学特征[J].水土保持学报,2008(01):109-113,122. |
[9] | 赵胜男,李畅游,史小红,张汉蒙,王爽.乌梁素海沉积物重金属生物活性及环境污染评估[J].生态环境学报,2013(03):481-489. |
[10] | 赵世民,王道玮,李晓铭,王江涛,李世刚,黄斌,潘学军.滇池及其河口沉积物中重金属污染评价[J].环境化学,2014(02):276-285. |
[11] | 周晓红,刘龙梅,陈曦,陈志刚,张金萍,李义敏,刘彪.金山湖闸坝型水体表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014(11):4127-4134. |
[12] | 方晓航,刘晓文,魏东洋,许振成,杨竹,黄兆生,刘雯.太湖流域漕桥河沉积物重金属污染特征分布[J].环境化学,2012(06):771-776. |
[13] | 谢文平,王少冰,朱新平,陈昆慈,潘德博,洪孝友,尹怡.珠江下游河段沉积物中重金属含量及污染评价[J].环境科学,2012(06):1808-1815. |
[14] | 陈志刚,卫安平,周晓红,刘彪,周艺,周广顺.古运河镇江城区段沉积物重金属分布特征及危险评价[J].工业安全与环保,2013(04):51-55. |
[15] | 周晓红,李义敏,周艺,卫安平,周广顺,肖思思.镇江老城区古运河沉积物氮及有机质垂向分布及污染评价[J].环境科学,2014(06):2148-2155. |
[16] | 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999 |
[17] | 吴春笃,瞿俊,李明俊,张波.镇江内江底泥重金属分布特征及潜在生态危害评价[J].中国环境监测,2009(05):90-94. |
[18] | Muller C .Index of geo-accumulation in sediments of Rhine River[J].Geo Journal,1969,2(3):108-118. |
[19] | Hakanson L .An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control A sedimentologieal approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):97-100. |
[20] | 刘勇,岳玲玲,李晋昌.太原市土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2011(06):1285-1293. |
[21] | GB15618-95.土壤环境质量标准[S].,1995. |
[22] | Cundy AB.;Croudace IW.;Cearreta A.;Irabien MJ. .Reconstructing historical trends in metal input in heavily-disturbed, contaminated estuaries: studies from Bilbao, Southampton Water and Sicily[J].Applied Geochemistry: Journal of the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry,2003(2):311-325. |
[23] | 兰砥中,雷鸣,周爽,彭亮,廖柏寒,沈跃.湘南某铅锌矿区周围农业土壤中重金属污染及其潜在风险评价[J].环境化学,2014(08):1307-1313. |
[24] | 田林锋,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,黄先飞,刘峰,罗桂林,金梅.重金属元素在贵州红枫湖水体中的分布特征[J].中国环境科学,2011(03):481-489. |
[25] | 牛勇,余辉,张敏,牛远,刘倩,姜岩,邹忠睿.太湖流域典型河流沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境工程,2013(05):151-155,38. |
[26] | 吴攀碧,解启来,卜艳蕊,刘俊文.扎龙湿地湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].华南农业大学学报,2010(03):24-27. |
[27] | 刘总堂,李春海,章钢娅.运用主成分分析法研究云南湖库水体中重金属分布[J].环境科学研究,2010(04):459-466. |
[28] | 张鸿龄,孙丽娜,赵国革.运用主成分分析法评价浑河水体中重金属污染来源[J].沈阳大学学报:自然科学版,2012(05):5-9. |
[29] | 刘峰,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,吴迪,李存雄,黄先飞,蒋翠红.红枫湖沉积物中重金属元素溯源分析的初步探讨[J].环境科学学报,2010(09):1871-1879. |
[30] | 冯经昆,钟山,孙立文,姜华,廖婉伊.重庆某垃圾焚烧厂周边土壤重金属污染分布特征及来源解析[J].环境化学,2014(06):969-975. |
[31] | 盛周君,孙世群,王京城,倪小东,褚巍.基于主成分分析的河流水环境质量评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2007(12):172-175. |
[32] | Loska K.;Wiechula D. .Application of principal component analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir[J].Chemosphere,2003(8):723-733. |
[33] | 李玉,俞志明,宋秀贤.运用主成分分析(PCA)评价海洋沉积物中重金属污染来源[J].环境科学,2006(01):137-141. |
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
- 您的评分:
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%