采用盆栽试验,研究了普钙和钙镁磷肥对油菜生物量和Cd含量、土壤pH值和Cd有效态含量以及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明,施加普钙和钙镁磷肥后,油菜生物量分别比对照处理增加41. 8%—60. 5%和90.2%—171.6%,油菜地上部Cd含量分别降低达54.3%—86.7%和74.4%—79.6%,其中当普钙和钙镁磷肥施加量为中高剂量时,油菜地上部Cd含量降低至0.18 mg·kg-1和0.10 mg·kg-1 ,符合国家食品安全标准《食品中污染物限量》( GB 2762—2012)规定的叶菜蔬菜中Cd的最大限量值.施加普钙和钙镁磷肥均降低了土壤中Cd有效态,与对照相比,土壤中HCl提取态Cd含量分别降低0.9%—21.2%和33.8%—43.9%,CMP处理下TCLP (Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, TCLP)提取态Cd含量降低33.0%—43.0%.施加高剂量普钙和中剂量钙镁磷肥时,土壤过氧化氢酶活性与对照相比分别增加了202.5%和52.6%,施加不同剂量的普钙均显著降低土壤脲酶活性,降低率达28.2%—65.9%,而添加普钙和钙镁磷肥对蔗糖酶活性均无显著性影响.土壤pH与油菜生物量以及土壤脲酶成极显著正相关关系,与TCLP-Cd成显著负相关关系.油菜生物量与土壤有效态Cd含量和油菜体内Cd含量存在负相关关系,其中与HCl提取态Cd及地上部Cd含量存在显著负相关关系.
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the two phosphate fertilizers ( SSP , CMP ) on the rape biomass and Cd content, soil pH and available Cd, and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that the rape biomass increased by 41. 8%—60. 5% and 90. 2%—171.6%, respectively compared with the control groups after the application of the two fertilizers. In contrast, the available Cd content decreased by 54. 3%—86. 7% and 74. 4%—79.6%, and the Cd concentration in the shoots decreased to 0.18 and 0.10 mg·kg-1 , which met the national food safety standards"the limits of contaminants in food" ( GB 2762—2005) , the maximum limits of Cd in the leaves and vegetables when the treatments of SSP was up to middle and high concentration. The soil available Cd showed a certain degree of reduction with the addition of SSP and CMP . Compared with no-phosphate treated soil, HCl-Cd concentrations decreased by 0.9%—21.2% and 33.8%—43.9%, respectively, under the application of SSP and CMP, and the contents of TCLP-Cd in soils suffered 33.0%—43. 0% reduction after applying CMP. Under the treatments of higher level of SSP and medium level of CMP, the activity of catalase increased by 2. 0% and 52. 6%, respectively. The urease activity significantly decreased, resulting in 28. 2%—65. 9% reduction under different concentrations of SSP , while there were no significantly difference in invertase activity under the addition of SSP and CMP . Soil pH was significantly positively correlated with the rape biomass and soil urease, but significantly negatively with the concentration of TCLP-Cd. Rape biomass was negative with soil available Cd and the Cd uptake by rape.
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