采用中试试验台的水平滚动式球磨机,对高浓度多氯联苯(PCBs)污染土壤进行机械化学法处置.以氧化钙(CaO)为主要添加剂成分,对比有无石英砂(SiO2)助剂,混合球磨PCBs污染土壤.使用高分辨气相色谱/质谱联用仪(HRGC/MS)检测,分析球磨机械化学反应前后土壤中PCBs的去除率和二(嗯)英(PCDD/Fs)的合成率.结果表明,采用水平滚动式球磨机对土壤进行20 h研磨后,对于单一CaO添加球磨工况,PCBs总量和毒性当量(WHO-TEQ)分别减少了65％和73％;添加石英砂助剂后(CaO-SiO2工况),PCBs总量和WHO-TEQ的去除率分别达到了74％和78％,证实水平滚动式低速球磨能有效降解PCBs,且SiO2有助于CaO添加剂机械化学去除土壤中PCBs.对球磨处理前后的PCDD/Fs生成量进行比较,结果表明,在反应初期的5h内,部分PCBs氧化为高氯代的PCDFs,导致PCDD/Fs总量和毒性当量(I-TEQ)有所上升;球磨超过5h后,PCDD/Fs开始发生降解反应.在保证充足的球磨反应时间条件下,机械化学处理PCBs可以克服传统PCBs热处置的首要缺陷——PCDD/Fs的二次合成问题.
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