以稻秆和稻壳为原料,在不同温度下(300、400、500、600、700℃)采用热裂解法制备生物炭,利用比表面积及孔径分析仪测定各生物炭比表面积,以傅里叶红外光谱图(FTIR)和Boehm滴定法分别定性和定量分析不同生物炭表面官能团的种类和数量,分析不同温度对不同原材料制备生物炭的表面官能团种类和数量的影响.结果表明,中、低温裂解条件(300、400、500℃)下,同温度稻壳生物炭(RC-H)比表面积显著高于稻秆生物炭(RC-S);高温裂解(600、700℃)条件下,同温度RC-S比表面积则更大.随裂解温度升高,两种原材料制备的生物炭比表面积均呈显著增大的趋势,其中稻秆在600℃下制备的RC-S比表面积最大,稻壳在700℃下制备的RC-H比表面积最大.FTIR分析结果显示,同一温度下两种材料制备的生物炭特征吸收峰基本相同,且表面基团种类大致相同,但RC-S较RC-H表面官能团更丰富,在热解过程中均形成了芳香环结构,且芳香化程度随裂解温度升高而增加.不同裂解温度下两种材料的生物炭表面官能团变化规律相似,主要表现为烷烃基随裂解温度升高而缺失,甲基(—CH3)和亚甲基(—CH2)逐渐消失,而芳香族化合物增加,芳香化程度增强.Bohem滴定结果表明,各裂解温度下RC—S的表面官能团总量和碱性官能团数量均高于RC-H,而各裂解温度下RC-S的酸性官能团含量均小于RC-H.随裂解温度升高,两种材料制备生物炭的表面官能团变化规律相似,表现为表面官能团总量均减少,酸性官能团含量降低,碱性官能团含量增加.
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