采用室内实验法定量比较北京市5种典型植物(大叶黄杨、月季、榆叶梅、紫薇、五叶地锦)叶片滞留颗粒物以及吸附水溶性离子的能力差异,并从叶表面特征分析差异原因.结果表明,不同植物叶片滞留TSP的能力大小顺序为:五叶地锦＞紫薇＞榆叶梅＞月季＞大叶黄杨.滞留PM5-10的能力大小顺序为:月季＞榆叶梅＞紫薇＞大叶黄杨＞五叶地锦.滞留PM5的能力大小顺序为:大叶黄杨＞月季＞紫薇＞榆叶梅＞五叶地锦.利用离子色谱法等测定颗粒物的化学组分,其主要组分为:有机碳(34.24％)、无机碳(33.45％)、硅(15.43％)、硫酸盐(14.18％)、氯化物(11.75％)、硝酸盐(1.45％),表现出道路环境特征和二次污染特征.在扫描电镜下观察叶表微观结构,发现叶表面有沟槽的五叶地锦和紫薇的滞尘能力较强,叶表气孔密度大的大叶黄杨阻滞细颗粒物能力较强,这从一定程度解释了不同植物阻滞颗粒物能力差异的主要原因.在研究期间内,5种植物叶片上的颗粒物滞留量呈增加趋势.降雨对叶面TSP冲刷作用明显,对PM5-10和PM5的影响较小.
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