本文探究不同浓度聚丙烯酸钾对矿区先锋植物重金属富集能力的影响.选定柿竹园尾砂坝与高斯贝尔尾砂坝中的植物小飞蓬、花叶水葱与苦菜为研究对象,通过添加0.20％、0.40％、0.60％的聚丙烯酸钾种植培养4个月,经微波消解后采用火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定植物地上部分、地下部分与土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量,分析聚丙烯酸钾浓度与富集能力的关系.实验结果表明,通过添加聚丙烯酸钾植物对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的富集能力有所增强.两处砂坝的花叶水葱对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的转移系数及富集系数均以0.6％浓度的聚丙烯酸钾提高最多,高斯贝尔砂坝的小飞蓬则以0.2％浓度的提高最多,其余植物以0.4％浓度的提高最多.原因为不同植物的最佳生长条件不同且矿区之间的环境也有所差别,这些都导致栽培植物最适合的聚丙烯酸钾浓度不同.且植物苦菜对Cu的富集能力低于对Zn、Pb、Cd的富集能力表明同种植物对不同金属的富集能力也有所不同.因此根据土壤土质添加适合浓度的聚丙烯酸钾及土壤中金属含量的不同采取多种植物的混合搭配种植,可用于Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd尾矿废弃地的复垦.
This paper investigated the effects of potassium polyacrylate on the enrichment of heavy metals by mining pioneer plants.Plants (canadensis,mosaic Shuicong and bitter herbs) growing in Shizhuyuan tailings dam and Gospell tailings dam were selected as the objects of this study.Different concentrations of potassium polyacrylate (namely 0.20％,0.40％,0.60％) were added during the four-month cultivation.After microwave digestion,the contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd of both aboveground part and underground part of the plants and those in soil were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry,and the relationship between the concentration of potassium polyacrylate and the capacity of bioconcentration was analyzed.The TP and BCF of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd of mosaic Shuicong increased the most in both dams when the concentration of added potassium polyacrylate was 0.6％.While for Canadensis,the concentration of 0.2％ worked the best in increasing the TP and BCF in Gospell tailing dam.For the other plants,the concentration of 0.4％ increased the most.This resulted from the differences in growing conditions and environments.The enrichment capacity of bitter herb for Cu was lower than for Zn,Pb and Cd,which showed that the of enrichment capacity of the same plant varied for different metals.The abandoned Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd tailing area can be reclaimed if suitable concentrations of potassium polyacrylates are added according to the soil property,and different plants are grown by mix-and-match according to the soil metal contents.
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