硒是生物体中不可缺少的微量元素,具有双重生物效应.摄入量不足,会引发缺硒性疾病,而摄入量过多,又会引起硒中毒,其在人体中的日均摄入量安全范围为40-400 μg· d-1.近些年来,由于硒的污染日趋严重,硒在环境水体(包括淡水、海水、工业废水和生活污水)中的形态分布及其含量测定备受关注.本文在对硒的来源、物理化学性质、生物效应及环境行为总结的基础上,重点综述了环境水体中Se(Ⅳ)/Se(Ⅵ)的分离富集和分析测定方法,并就硒的形态分析进行了展望.
Selenium,as an indispensable trace element,has dual biological effects for living organisms.If intake is insufficient,it will lead to deficiency disorders,or else selenium poisoning may occar.Its range of acceptable daily intake in the human body is about 40-400 μg· d-1.In recent years,speciation distribution and quantitative determination of selenium in environmental waters (including fresh water,sea water,industrial waste and sewage water) have attracted wide attention because selenium pollution has become increasingly serious.In this paper,the source of selenium,physical and chemical properties,biological effects and the environmental behavior of selenium were reviewed.As the main focus,the separation and enrichment of Se (Ⅳ) and Se (Ⅵ) in environmental water and their measurement were summarized.The prospect of selenium speciation analysis in the environmental water is also included.
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