仿生超疏水自清洁涂层是表面工程领域的前沿课题,在电力、通信等领域防结/覆冰雪方面显示出重要的工程应用前景.文中主要围绕“工程适用性”,在总结国内外典型“多步法”制备超疏水表面的发展历程及局限性基础上,重点介绍了新发展的“一步法”的优势及研究进展,并论述了超疏水涂层在工程应用性能方面的研究成果.进一步结合自然低温结冰环境,对比分析了国内外结冰测试方法的优点与不足,探讨了超疏水表面结冰/脱冰行为的理论及应用研究的最新进展,简要介绍了超疏水涂层防结冰工程示范的新成果,并展望了其于工程防结冰领域面临的挑战以及未来发展方向.
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