采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜以及Thermal-calc计算等方法分析了马氏体时效钢(C300)穿孔型等离子弧焊接(Keyhole-Plasma Arc Welding,K-PAW)过程中结晶裂纹的成因及形貌.研究认为,C300虽然具有良好的焊接性,但也会产生结晶裂纹.本试验条件下,影响高纯净C300产生结晶裂纹的主要因素是应变一温度增长速率,提高预热温度和增加线能量有利于降低结晶裂纹倾向.焊接热源对母材的预热作用有利于已形成结晶裂纹的逐步止裂.具有凸形表面的焊缝以及细小等轴晶的焊缝的结晶裂纹倾向较小.
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