正渗透因其低能耗及低污染等优点,已在越来越多的领域得到应用.利用自制的醋酸纤维素正渗透膜应用于橙汁的浓缩,主要考察了不同汲取液、膜方位对浓缩过程的影响,并且研究了浓缩过程中的膜污染现象.结果表明,采用3 mol/L葡萄糖+2 mol/L NaCl混合溶质所配制的汲取液的通量较高,同时盐的反向渗透通量明显降低,浓缩14 h后总可溶物由11.5°Brix上升到40.5°Brix;同时还发现,FO模式下产生的稀释的内浓差极化对水通量的影响要小于PRO模式下产生的浓缩的内浓差极化.在浓缩过程中存在较轻的膜污染,清洗之后通量基本恢复,每6h清洗一次,浓缩25 h后总可溶物可从11.5°Brix达到48.0°Brix.
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