180℃下，醋酸镍为前驱体，在1,2-丙二醇溶液中，以溶剂自身为还原剂，加入适量的修饰剂，如聚乙二醇系列（PEG-200、PEG-600、PEG-2000和PEG-6000）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS），进行了粒径、形貌可控的纳米镍的合成。通过X－射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、选区电子衍射（SAED）和傅立叶红外(FTIR)对纳米镍进行了表征。修饰剂的结构对纳米镍的粒径大小、粒径分布、形貌的影响很大。各修饰剂对纳米Ni形貌的影响为：PEG-200与PEG-600易于形成雪花状晶体，PEG-2000易于形成十二面体晶体，PEG-6000易于形成三角形薄片，SDS易于形成粒径较小的雪花状晶体和十二面晶体，PEG–600、PEG-6000与SDS复配后易于形成粒径较大的雪花状晶体。并初步解释了修饰剂的作用机理，其原因可归纳为静电效应和位阻效应。
Size- and shape-controlled phase pure Ni nanoparticles were synthesized using nickel acetate as precursor, 1,2-propanediol as solvent and reducing agent, sodium hydroxide as pH adjusting agents, and surfactants as modifiers. The as-prepared Ni nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron micrographs (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The presence of modifiers is crucial for the synthesis of size- and shape-controlled phase pure Ni nanoparticles. The modification effect of single modifiers such as PEGs and soidum dodeccanesulphonate, and their composites were investigated and analyzed. Among single modifiers, the presence of PEG-200 is beneficial to fabricating irregular snowflake-like crystals as well as the presence of PEG-600 does, PEG-2000 beneficial to synthesizing dodecahedra crystals, PEG-6000 beneficial to synthesizing triangular crystals, SDS beneficial to fabricating dodecahedra crystals and irregular snowflake-like crystals with smaller average particle size. Among the composite modifiers, the presence of SDS and PEG-600 is beneficial to fabricating irregular snowflake-like crystals with bigger average particle size of 140nm, as well as the presence of SDS and PEG-6000 does. The effects of the eletrostatic attraction and steric barrier of the modifiers play an important role in the synthesis of Ni nanoparticles certified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).
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