利用球磨-三辊研磨相结合的工艺,以碳纳米管(CNT)为导电相,RTV(RoomTemperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubbers)掺杂的钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷为复合基体,制备了具有阻尼吸声功能的CNT/PZT/RTV复合材料.测试了二次高压极化前后体系的压电性能,用SEM、IR、XRD、DMA等技术考察了CNT含量对基体微观结构、化学结构、结晶状态、损耗、储能、阻尼等性能的影响规律,用驻波管法测试了400-1600Hz频率范围内复合材料的吸声性能.研究发现,CNT对PZT/RTV基体系在压电性能上有诱导极化的作用,能够增强极化效果,可以极大提高复合基体的损耗和储能模量,而并不影响基体系的化学结构,对复合材料微观结构影响不大.但是,CNT的添加可引起PZT晶格常数的增大,晶相的择优生长趋势增加.文中讨论了以上规律的机理,并报道了4wt.％CNT/PZT/RTV复合体系具有较优的综合性能,其损耗模量、储能模量、阻尼系数和吸声系数分别可达400MPa、4100MPa、0.23和0.6.
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