采用力学性能测试和电子显微分析技术研究了不同加工处理条件下Al-5.4Zn-2.0-Mg-0.25Cu-0.1Sc-0.1Zr合金的显微组织及性能演变.结果表明:在半连续激冷铸造条件下,铸锭存在晶界偏析,形成了富Zn、Mg的非平衡相和富Fe、Si、Mn的杂质相；经470℃、12 h均匀化处理后,富Zn、Mg的非平衡相溶入基体,仅剩下少量富Fe、Si、Mn的杂质相；与此同时,铸锭合金固溶体分解析出纳米级的Al3(Sc,Zr)相,470℃、12h是研究合金合适的铸锭均匀化制度；铸锭热变形过程中,随试验温度升高合金强度逐渐降低,伸长率则先增加而后降低,350～400℃的温度范围内合金具有较稳定的热变形抗力和塑性,是合宜的热变形温度范围；合金冷轧板材经470℃、1h固溶处理后,热变形过程中形成的大量非平衡相溶入基体形成过饱和固溶体,时效过程中脱溶顺序为asss(α过饱和固溶体)→GP区→η’相→η相.合金板材最佳固溶-时效工艺为(470℃,1h)固溶+(120℃,24 h)时效,在此条件下,试验合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别可达533MPa、494 MPa和15％.试验合金的高强度主要来源于η’相析出强化、添加微量Sc和Zr引起的亚晶强化和亚结构强化以及Al3(Sc,zr)相的弥散强化.
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