以纳米Nd2Fe14B永磁材料为例,研究了硬磁晶粒间交换耦合相互作用对磁体有效各向异性的影响.结果表明晶粒间交换耦合相互作用随晶粒尺寸的减小而增强,材料的有效各向异性常数Keff,随晶粒尺寸的减小而逐渐下降,Keff随晶粒尺寸的变化与矫顽力的变化规律相似.纳米单相永磁材料有效各向异性的减小是矫顽力降低的主要原因,交换耦合系数αex实际上是各向异性的减小量.为保证纳米Nd2Fe14B材料具有较高的各向异性和矫顽力,晶粒尺寸应不小于30nm.
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