通过硫酸、硝酸或硝酸盐分步插层的方法,成功制备了硝酸/硝酸盐-硫酸-GIC三元石墨层间化合物.采用XRD、SEM和EDS对GIC的结构进行了研究.结果表明:与直接插层法相比,分步插层法有利于插层物质的插层反应,充分扩大石墨层间距,形成低阶石墨层间化合物,使膨胀效果更优,膨胀体积高达450mL/g以上;膨胀后GIC的孔结构均匀,层壁较薄,片层结构清晰,膨胀充分.同时,分步插层法能够降低实验操作的危险性,污染小,反应易于控制.
Ternary graphite intercalation compounds (GICs), nitrate/nitric acid-sulfuric acid-GICs, were prepared by a two-step method. Their structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed that the two-step method favored the formation of lower stage-GICs by promoting the intercalation of nitrate or nitric acid and enlarging the interlayer spacing. The expanded GICs, whose expansion volume can reach 450 mL/g, showed obvious graphite layers and a uniform porous structure. The two-step method had many advantages compared with the direct intercalation method, such as safety in operation, less pollution during experiments and ease of industrial scale-up.
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