采用坩埚下降法成功生长出尺寸达φ15 mm×50 mm的0.94Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-0.06BaTiO3(NBBT94/6)无铅压电单晶.利用X射线荧光沿纵向对晶体棒成分分析表明:Na+、Bi3+、Ti4+离子的含量沿纵向波动较小,而Ba2+离子的含量却波动较大.XRD结构分析表明,晶体棒的中、下部分属于三方相钙钛矿结构,而上部转变为四方相钙钛矿结构.详细研究晶体棒中部0.952Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-0.048BaTiO3(NBBT95.2/4.8)的介电及压电行为表明:非自发极化方向[001]、[110]样品的退极化温度Td分别为200℃和150℃,具有明显的结晶学方向依赖性,且在Td附近表现出典型的介电弛豫行为;在3～5 kV/mm电压极化下,[001]、[110]方向样品的最大压电系数d33分别为165 pC/N、110 pC/N,机电耦合系数kt分别为49.8%、45.0%.
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