采用1∶1的水力学模型研究了浸入式水口出口形状(椭圆形、矩形、方形)对结晶器自由液面特征、流股特征与流场的影响.在通钢量为3.20和4.48 t/min时,结晶器液面波动与表面流速都遵循椭圆形水口＜矩形水口＜方形水口的变化规律.椭圆形水口的流股为“旋转流股”,流股扩展角和倾角最大,流股分散,且在出口处流速分布均匀;方形与矩形水口流股为“平滑流股”,方形水口流股的扩展角和倾角最小,流股集中在出口偏下半部分处;矩形水口流股扩展角、倾角、流股分散与均匀程度居中.综合考虑:在高拉速条件下(通钢量为4.48 t/min),椭圆形水口条件下结晶器液面的平均波高为5.5mm,表面流速为0.32 m/s,仍然有提高拉速的空间,且流股速度在出口处分布均匀,所以较优的水口出口形状为椭圆形.
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