为了深入了解直流电弧炉水冷钢棒式底电极的传热过程，根据底电极的炉底结构结合相应的边界条件，建立了基于流动的二维轴对称固液相变传热数学模型。推导了考虑水冷铜套和电极之间空气隙影响的等效对流换热系数以及通电时的径向和轴向电磁力方程。模型中考虑了底电极从固态300 K到液态2 000 K过程中钢的物性的连续变化。利用所建模型，可以数值模拟直流电弧炉单炉冶炼、双炉冶炼的非稳态传热过程以及考察计算参数和结构改变影响的稳态传热过程，为改善电弧炉的安全性、提高工作效率提供理论依据。
In order to make a thorough study on the heat transfer of watercooling steelstick bottom electrode of DC electric arcfurnace, a 2D axisymmetric solidliquid conversion mathematical model based on flow was built according to the structure of the furnace bottom and the relevant boundary conditions. Equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient with considering the air clearance between the watercooling copper cover and the bottom electrode was calculated and the electromagnetic force equations of the bottom electrode in the axial and radial direction were deduced when electrification started. The continuous variation of physical properties of the electrode at temperature ranging from 300 K to 2 000 K was also considered in the model. The physical properties include density, thermal capacity, resistance ratio, thermal conduction coefficient and viscosity of liquid steel. The unsteady and steady heat transfer of DC electric arcfurnace may be simulated by use of the model. On the basis of above, the variation of operating parameters and structure of the bottom electrode may be also used to calculate the steady heat transfer of the bottom electrode and these will offord theoretic basis for improving security and work efficiency of DC electric arcfurnace.
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