对化学法制备膨胀石墨的工艺条件的选择进行了分析,以硝酸与磷酸的混酸为插层剂、高锰酸钾为氧化剂制备出了不同粒径的膨胀石墨,利用正交实验和平行实验确定了最佳工艺条件;研究了石墨粒度效应对氧化剂用量的影响;并对不同粒径膨胀石墨的微观结构进行了研究。研究结果表明,制备大鳞片膨胀石墨的最佳工艺为：石墨与混酸的质量体积比为1：4,混酸中硝酸与磷酸的体积比为1：2,石墨与高锰酸钾的质量比为1：0.1;制备微粉膨胀石墨时,微粉石墨与高锰酸钾的最佳质量比为1：0.22。
Exfoliated graphite with different particle sizes has been prepared by using a chemical method,in which potassium permanganate and the mixture of nitric acid and phosphoric acid were employed as oxidant and inserting agent,respectively.The preparation conditions were separately optimized by orthogonal test and parallel test.The influence of graphite size on the amount of oxidant needed in the reaction was studied.The micro-structure of exfoliated graphite with different sizes was analyzed.The results show that the optimal preparation conditions for large flake exfoliated graphite are as following： the ratio of graphite（in g） to the mixed acid（in ml） is 1∶4,and that of nitric acid（ml） to phosphoric acid（ml） is 1∶2,graphite（g） to potassium permanganate（g） is 1∶0.1,respectively.The optimum mass ratio of micro-power graphite to potassium permanganate is 1∶0.22 in the preparation of micro-power exfoliated graphite.
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