通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅(SiO2)溶胶,并以含氢硅油(PMHS)为改性剂,对SiO2粒子表面进行疏水化处理,然后在玻璃基片上提拉成膜和加热凝胶化,制备出超疏水PMHS-SiO2涂膜.通过接触角测定、红外光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜、湿热老化等手段对涂膜的制备条件、结构与性能进行了研究.结果表明,在PMHS/SiO2质量比为1:1、改性时间为4 h、涂膜热处理温度170℃、热处理时间3h的条件下,可制得具有优良超疏水性的PMHS-SiO2涂膜,其水接触角可达163°,滚动角可低至3°-5°,且具有优异的耐湿热老化性能.对改性前后的SiO2溶胶和PMHS-SiO2涂膜的结构形态研究发现,PMHS与SiO2表面产生了化学结合,形成了PMHS-SiO2杂化交联材料;涂膜表面被疏水性PMHS包覆,同时较均匀地分布着许多粒径为50-400nm的微米-纳米双重粗糙度的微凸体,这是产生优异的超疏水性能的主要原因.
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