比较了超临界CO2方法与机械共混法制备的纳米蒙脱土/氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料的结构与性能,以验证超临界CO2方法在氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料制备中的有效性.并研究了超临界CO2处理条件对蒙脱土分散情况的影响.XRD及TEM研究表明,与机械共混法相比,超临界CO2处理有效提高了氢化丁腈分子向蒙脱土层间扩散的能力,使层间距进一步增大,最大达3.93 nm.同时,蒙脱土片层能够均匀无规地分散于氢化丁腈橡胶基体中,且具有较高的剥离程度.而超临界处理时,温度和压力的变化对蒙脱土的分散情况影响不大.蒙脱土加入后,蒙脱土/氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度显著提高,从14.4 MPa分别增加到16.3 MPa(机械共混法)和19.6 MPa(超临界CO2方法),断裂伸长率也略有增加.超临界CO2方法比机械共混法所制备复合材料的力学性能要高,且在介质浸泡前后,仍能够保持较好的力学性能.
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