采用熔体发泡法制备孔隙率为71.5％～72.5％、孔结构均匀的泡沫Al-0.2Sc-0.17Zr合金.研究孔结构、胞壁显微组织以及等时时效对其压缩和能量吸收性能的影响.结果表明:泡沫铝合金的孔径约为1 mm,且多呈球形;初生Al3(Zr,Sc,Ti)相具有层状结构,并能有效细化铸态晶粒(尺寸约为50 μm);在200～600℃等时时效过程中,泡沫试样的压缩性能随温度升高呈现先升高后下降的趋势,325和425℃分别表现出由Sc和Zr大量析出引起的两个明显的强度峰;时效至425℃时试样的能量吸收能力最强,且峰值时效附近的试样能量吸收效率均得到提高,高效阶段更持久;TEM实验结果表明,时效至425℃的泡沫铝试样胞壁中弥散分布着大量细小、共格的二次Al3(Sc,Zr,Ti)相,其粒径为2.1～4.1 nm,这些相能钉扎晶界,阻碍位错运动,因而能显著提高泡沫铝合金的压缩和吸能性能.
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