为了提高C/C复合材料的抗烧蚀性能,采用反应熔渗法制备Al-Si-C改性C/C复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱和电子探针分析等手段分析熔剂成分、熔渗温度和气氛等参数对复合材料微观结构的影响。利用氧-乙炔焰烧蚀仪研究Al-Si-C改性C/C复合材料的烧蚀性能、烧蚀行为及机理。结果表明,随着工艺参数不同,反应熔渗法可制备出三类典型的Al-Si-C改性C/C复合材料。在1500℃,氩气气氛中反应熔渗2 h形成了Al+SiC均质改性C/C复合材料；随着熔渗温度的升高(1600℃)和熔渗时间的延长(6 h),形成了Al4SiC4+SiC改性C/C复合材料；在1600℃,真空气氛中反应熔渗6 h形成了SiC+Al梯度改性C/C复合材料( Al含量由内到外递减)。三类Al-Si-C改性C/C复合材料显示不同的烧蚀行为,其中,SiC+Al梯度改性C/C复合材料具有最优的抗烧蚀性能,在2500℃下烧蚀60 s后,样品表面无明显的烧蚀坑,质量烧蚀率分别为-1.0×10-3 g/s和-1.2×10-3g/s。
C/C composites with densities around 1. 3 g/cm3 were infiltrated with Al and Si powder mixtures to densities of 1. 9-2. 2 g/cm3 using reactive melt infiltration to improve their anti-ablation properties. The effects of the Si/Al mass ratio, infiltration tem-perature, time and atmosphere on the microstructures and ablation properties of the modified composites were investigated by XRD, SEM equipped with EDS, electron-probe micro analysis and oxygen-acetylene ablation tests. Results indicate that homogeneous Al+SiC and Al4 SiC4+SiC were respectively formed in the C/C composites after infiltration at 1 500 ℃ for 2 h and 1 600 ℃ for 6 h in argon. A gradient of SiC+Al was formed after treatment at 1 600 ℃ for 6 h under vacuum with the Al content decreasing from the inside to the outside of the composite. The gradient C/C modified by SiC+Al with a Si/Al ratio of 3 has the best ablation resistance of the three, with a mass ablation rate of -1. 0×10-3 g/s in an ablation test at 2 500 ℃ for 60 s.
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