本文采用Navier-Stokes方程和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,对只在叶轮尾缘带有导流罩的低压轴流风扇进行了三维稳态内流模拟,详细分析了叶顶流场中叶尖涡的产生和发展轨迹.研究结果表明,叶尖涡在距叶尖前缘约1/4叶顶轴向弦长的吸力面附近形成,在叶轮出口附近消失,在切向约占3/4流道,近似形成一个涡环,阻塞主流.在回转面上,叶尖涡涡核先沿流线方向发展,在导流罩附近逐渐转为切向方向发展;在径向方向,叶尖涡先沿外径方向发展,在导流罩附近转向内径方向移动.空调室外机系统的不对称结构引起叶尖涡在叶轮旋转过程中的相对位移.流量的变化对叶尖涡的轴向位置影响较大,而对其径向位置的影响不明显;小流量时叶尖涡的轴向移动能力减弱,切向移动能力增强,消失位置向前缘方向移动.
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