以H2O2为氧化剂,以磷酸氢盐或磷酸二氢盐为添加剂,研究了反应控制相转移催化剂(磷钨杂多酸季铵盐)催化丙烯环氧化的反应性能. 结果表明,当体系中不存在添加剂时,产物环氧丙烷的水解情况严重; 加入适量的添加剂可有效抑制环氧丙烷的水解. 作为抑制环氧丙烷水解的添加剂,磷酸氢盐比磷酸二氢盐具有更优异的性能,且磷酸氢钾比磷酸氢钠效果更佳. 在没有丙烯的情况下,随着温度的升高,环氧丙烷水解反应加剧; 在相同的温度下,环氧丙烷浓度越低,其水解率越高; 当环氧丙烷浓度较低时,催化剂的存在促进其水解,但在较高的浓度下,催化剂的存在则可抑制其水解. 随着温度的升高, H2O2分解反应加剧,当温度超过60 ℃时,分解速度显著加快. 催化剂在油/水二相中的分配实验结果表明,在H2O2存在的情况下,于50 ℃达到平衡时, 85.0%以上的催化剂被转移至有机相.
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